Selected ENSO References by CPC Authors:
Barnston, A.G., C. F. Ropelewski, 1992: Prediction of ENSO episodes using canonical correlation analysis. J. Climate, 5, 1316-1345. 
Barnston, A.G., M. Chelliah and S.B. Goldenberg, 1997: Documentation of a highly ENSO-related SST region in the equatorial Pacific. Atmosphere-Ocean, 35, 367-383. 
Barnston, A. G., M. H. Glantz, and Y. He, 1999:  Predictive skill of statistical and dynamical climate models in SST forecasts during the 1997-98 El Niņo episode and the 1998 La Niņa onset.  Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 80, 217-243
Halpert, M. S. and C. F. Ropelewski, 1992: Surface temperature patterns associated with the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 5, 577-593.
Higgins, R.W., Y. Zhou and H.-K. Kim, 2001: Relationships between El Niņo-Southern
Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation: A Climate-Weather Link.  NCEP/Climate	 Prediction Center ATLAS 8.

Higgins, R. W., V. E. Kousky, H.-K. Kim, W. Shi, and D. Unger, 2002: High frequency and trend adjusted composites of United States temperature and precipitation by ENSO phase, NCEP/Climate Prediction Center ATLAS No. 10, 22 pp.
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research_papers/ncep_cpc_atlas/10/atlas10.htm
Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar. 1997. Why do North American climate anomalies differ from one El Niņo event to another? Geophysical Research Letters, 24 (1 May): 1059-1062. 
Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 1997: Origins of extreme climate states during the 1982-83 ENSO winter. J. Climate, 10, 2859-2870. 
Hoerling, M. P., and A. Kumar, 2000: Understanding and predicting extratropical teleconnections related to ENSO. In El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation: Multi-scale Variations and Global and Regional Impacts, H.F. Diaz and V. Markgraf (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 57-88.
Hoerling, M. P., A. Kumar, and T. Xu, 2001: Robustness of the nonlinear climate response to ENSO's extreme phases. J. Climate, 14, 1277-1293.
Kousky, V.E., M.T. Kayano, and I.F.A Cavalcanti, 1984:  The Southern Oscillation:
Oceanic-atmospheric circulation changes and related rainfall anomalies. Tellus, 36A,
490-504.

Kousky, V. E. 1997. Warm (El Niņo) episode conditions return to the tropical Pacific. Mariners Weather Log 41, no.1 (Spring): 4-7. 

Kousky, V. E. and R. W. Higgins, 2004: An Alert Classifications System for
Monitoring and Assessment of the ENSO Cycle, Wea and Forecasting (submitted)
Kumar, A., and M. P. Hoerling, 1997: Interpretation and implications of observed inter-El Niņo variability. J. Climate, 10, 83-91.  
Kumar, A., and M. P. Hoerling, 1998: Annual cycle of Pacific/North American seasonal predictability associated with different phases of ENSO. J. Climate, 11, 3295-3308.  
Kumar, A., A. Barnston, P. Peng, M. P. Hoerling, and L. Goddard, 2000: Changes in the spread of the seasonal mean atmospheric states associated with ENSO. J. Climate, 13, 3139-3151. 
Kumar, A., and M. P. Hoerling, 2003: The nature and causes for the delayed atmospheric response to El Niņo. J. Climate, 16, 1391-1403.
Leetma, Ants. 1989. The interplay of El Niņo and La Niņa. Oceanus, 32 (Summer) : 30-34

Leetmaa, A. 1999:  The first El Niņo observed and forecasted from start to finish.  Bull.
Am. Met. Soc., 80, 111-112.
Rasmusson, E. M. and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical se a surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation / El. Nino. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384. 
Rasmusson, E. M., T. H. Carpenter, 1983: The relationship between eastern equatorial
Pacific sea surface temperatures and rainfall over India and Sri Lanka. Mon. Wea. Rev.,
111, 517-528.

Rasmusson, E. M., and J. M. Wallace, 1983: Meteorological aspects of El Niņo / Southern Oscillation.  Science, 222, 1195-1202.

Rasmusson, E. M. and K. Mo, 1993:  Linkages between 200-mb tropical and extratropical circulation anomalies during the 1986-1989 ENSO cycle.  J. Climate, 6, 595-616.

Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1986: North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niņo/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2352-2362.

Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert ,1987: Global and regional scale precipitation
patterns associated with the El Niņo/ Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 
1606-1626.

Ropelewski, C.F. and P.D. Jones, 1987: An extension of the Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation Index. Mon. Wea. Rev, 115, 2161-2165.

Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1989: Precipitation patterns associated with the
high index phase of the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 2, 268-284.

Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1996: Quantifying Southern Oscillation-precipitation relationships. J. Climate, 9, 1043-1059.
Xue, Y. and A. Leetmaa, 2000: Forecast of tropical pacific SST and sea level using a Markov model. accepted by Geophys. Res. Lett. 
Xue, Y., A. Leetmaa, and M. Ji, 2000: ENSO prediction with Markov models: the impact of sea level. J. Climate, 13, 849-871.