HIGHLIGHT: The seasonal mean NINO3.4 anomaly was 1.65 C for JJA2015, strongly up from MJJ (1.2). Very impressive numbers for a low variance season.
The CA method, acting on global JJA2015 seasonal means as latest input, but using a string of global SST going back one year, has all of its members, staying >1.0 from now until MAM2016. By NDJ 2015 all members are > 2.3 (which would be tying the record) , and a few reaching near 3.0-3.5 C. An unbelievably strong forecast by any standard. Then a significant cool down in 2016, ensemble mean -0.75 by fall 2016.
Weights were somewhat stable from last month. There are 6 (4) large +ve (-ve) weights in excess of abs(0.10). Five years in the 1957-1966 decade have unusually high weights (like 1959 +0.17 and 1965 -0.17) – this old decade has only recently become so important in constructing the analogue. Moreover, 1964-1966 are all strongly -ve, so in addition to interannual, the interdecadal plays a big role here. Noteworthy is also the high weight for 2014. The last year is used in only 6 of the 12 construction so 0.18 is doubly impressive. In the 6 constructions the year 2014 was used in, the weight was an unheard of 0.36. Of the historically strong warm event years (57, 72, 82, 97) the weights are 0.09, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.16 respectively. This is again nudging higher than in previous months. Therefore, as of now, the situation is evolving more towards a classical or canonical warm event.
Table 1. Inner products (IP; scaled such that the sum of absolute values is 100; not shown) and weights (Wgt multiplied by 100.) of each of the years to construct an analogue to the sequence of 12 consecutive overlapping 3-month periods defined as the base (currently the 12 overlapping seasons string JAS2014 thru JJA2015). Years in the table are labeled by the year of the middle month of the most recent predictor season. Weights for 1956 and 2014 are less (by 50%) because only half the members use these years ("early" members use 1956, "late" members 2014). Data currently thru Aug 2015.
Year |
IP |
Wgt |
Year |
IP |
Wgt |
Year |
IP |
Wgt |
Year |
IP |
Wgt |
Year |
IP |
Wgt |
Year |
IP |
Weigt |
1956 |
xx |
-8 |
1966 |
Xx |
-7 |
1976 |
Xx |
6 |
1986 |
xx |
6 |
1996 |
xx |
-5 |
2006 |
xx |
-3 |
1957 |
xx |
9 |
1967 |
Xx |
8 |
1977 |
Xx |
1 |
1987 |
xx |
5 |
1997 |
xx |
16 |
2007 |
xx |
-10 |
1958 |
xx |
12 |
1968 |
Xx |
7 |
1978 |
Xx |
-3 |
1988 |
xx |
-8 |
1998 |
xx |
2 |
2008 |
xx |
2 |
1959 |
xx |
15 |
1969 |
Xx |
4 |
1979 |
Xx |
0 |
1989 |
xx |
-2 |
1999 |
xx |
-9 |
2009 |
xx |
16 |
1960 |
xx |
1 |
1970 |
Xx |
-8 |
1980 |
Xx |
0 |
1990 |
xx |
-6 |
2000 |
xx |
-4 |
2010 |
xx |
0 |
1961 |
xx |
-7 |
1971 |
Xx |
-5 |
1981 |
Xx |
-3 |
1991 |
xx |
13 |
2001 |
xx |
-2 |
2011 |
xx |
1 |
1962 |
xx |
-5 |
1972 |
Xx |
3 |
1982 |
Xx |
5 |
1992 |
xx |
1 |
2002 |
xx |
8 |
2012 |
xx |
-2 |
1963 |
xx |
2 |
1973 |
Xx |
-5 |
1983 |
xx |
-2 |
1993 |
xx |
-7 |
2003 |
xx |
9 |
2013 |
xx |
6 |
1964 |
xx |
-15 |
1974 |
Xx |
0 |
1984 |
Xx |
-12 |
1994 |
xx |
4 |
2004 |
xx |
3 |
2014 |
xx |
18 |
1965 |
xx |
-16 |
1975 |
Xx |
-4 |
1985 |
Xx |
-3 |
1995 |
xx |
-9 |
2005 |
xx |
-6 |
2015 |
xx |
NA |
Weights are high +ve (>+0.10) for 2014, 2009,1997,1991,1959,1958
Weights are high -ve (< - 0.10) for 2007,1984,1965,1964
Ens ave Nino34 anomaly forecasts, for leads -3, -2, -1, 0 etc: in plain numbers (ensemble mean):
1.65 |
1.62 |
1.77 |
2.25 |
2.7 |
2.91 |
2.77 |
2.36 |
1.79 |
1.26 |
0.7 |
0.24 |
-0.15 |
-0.58 |
-0.67 |
-0.69 |
-0.74 |
-0.76 |
-0.69 |
-0.59 |
-0.39 |
JAS |
SON |
NDJ |
JFM2016 |
MAM |
MJJ |
JAS |
SON |
NDJ |
JFM2017 |
One month ago
1.21 |
1.19 |
1.23 |
1.48 |
1.89 |
2.32 |
2.5 |
2.39 |
2.06 |
1.62 |
1.22 |
0.76 |
0.32 |
-0.31 |
-0.47 |
-0.53 |
-0.54 |
-0.57 |
-0.57 |
-0.51 |
-0.45 |
MJJ |
JAS |
SON15 |
NDJ |
JFM16 |
MAM |
MJJ |
JAS |
SON |
NDJ |
JFM17 |
Two month ago:
0.96 |
0.95 |
0.94 |
0.93 |
1.12 |
1.47 |
1.88 |
2.05 |
1.97 |
1.7 |
1.36 |
1.04 |
0.64 |
0.1 |
-0.28 |
-0.39 |
-0.43 |
-0.45 |
-0.5 |
-0.48 |
-0.43 |
MJJ |
JAS |
SON2015 |
NDJ |
JFM2016 |
MAM |
MJJ |
JAS |
SON |
NDJ |
Three months ago:
0.73 |
0.72 |
0.75 |
0.71 |
0.65 |
0.75 |
1.01 |
1.34 |
1.47 |
1.4 |
1.19 |
0.95 |
0.74 |
0.31 |
-0.03 |
-0.32 |
-0.38 |
-0.42 |
-0.5 |
-0.58 |
-0.57 |
MAM15 |
MJJ |
JAS |
SON15 |
NDJ |
JFM16 |
MAM |
MJJ |
JAS |
SON16 |
NDJ |
Four months ago:
0.6 |
0.57 |
0.57 |
0.59 |
0.53 |
0.44 |
0.5 |
0.71 |
0.96 |
1.05 |
0.98 |
0.83 |
0.7 |
0.56 |
0.33 |
0.11 |
-0.05 |
-0.02 |
-0.03 |
-0.06 |
-0.08 |
MAM |
MJJ |
JAS15 |
SON |
NDJ |
JFM16 |
MAM |
MJJ |
JAS |
SON |
Anomalies relative to 1981-2010 climo.