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HOME > Climate & Weather Linkage > El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) > Historical El Nino/ La Nina episodes (1950-present)

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DESCRIPTION: Warm (red) and cold (blue) episodes based on a threshold of +/- 0.5^oC for the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) [3 month running mean of ERSST.v3b SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region (5^oN-5^oS, 120^o-170^oW)], based on centered 30-year base periods updated every 5 years. For historical purposes cold and warm episodes (blue and red colored numbers) are defined when the threshold is met for a minimum of 5 consecutive over-lapping seasons.

Year	DJF	JFM	FMA	MAM	AMJ	MJJ	JJA	JAS	ASO	SON	OND	NDJ
1950	-1.4	-1.3	-1.2	-1.2	-1.1	-0.9	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7
1951	-0.8	-0.6	-0.4	-0.2	0.0	0.4	0.6	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.1	0.9
1952	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
1953	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
1954	0.7	0.5	0.1	-0.4	-0.5	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-0.8	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7
1955	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8	-0.7	-1.1	-1.4	-1.7	-1.6
1956	-1.1	-0.8	-0.6	-0.5	-0.5	-0.5	-0.5	-0.6	-0.5	-0.5	-0.5	-0.5
1957	-0.3	0.1	0.4	0.7	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.8
1958	1.8	1.6	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6
1959	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
1960	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
1961	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.2	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
1962	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.4	-0.5
1963	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.8	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.3
1964	1.1	0.6	0.1	-0.4	-0.6	-0.6	-0.6	-0.7	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8	-0.8
1965	-0.6	-0.3	0.0	0.2	0.5	0.8	1.2	1.5	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.7
1966	1.4	1.1	0.9	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
1967	-0.3	-0.4	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4
1968	-0.6	-0.8	-0.7	-0.5	-0.2	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.8	1.0
1969	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
1970	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.5	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.8	-1.0
1971	-1.2	-1.3	-1.1	-0.8	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.8	-0.9	-0.8
1972	-0.6	-0.3	0.1	0.4	0.6	0.8	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.9	2.1	2.1
1973	1.8	1.2	0.6	-0.1	-0.5	-0.8	-1.0	-1.2	-1.3	-1.6	-1.9	-2.0
1974	-1.9	-1.6	-1.2	-1.0	-0.8	-0.7	-0.5	-0.4	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8	-0.7
1975	-0.5	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-0.8	-1.0	-1.1	-1.2	-1.4	-1.5	-1.6	-1.7
1976	-1.5	-1.1	-0.7	-0.5	-0.3	-0.1	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.8
1977	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.8
1978	0.7	0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
1979	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.6
1980	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
1981	-0.4	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
1982	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.7	1.0	1.5	1.9	2.1	2.2
1983	2.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	0.9	0.6	0.2	-0.2	-0.5	-0.8	-0.9	-0.8
1984	-0.5	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.5	-0.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.6	-0.9	-1.1
1985	-1.0	-0.9	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.6	-0.5	-0.5	-0.5	-0.4	-0.4	-0.4
1986	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.2
1987	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.1
1988	0.8	0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.8	-1.2	-1.3	-1.2	-1.3	-1.6	-1.9	-1.9
1989	-1.7	-1.5	-1.1	-0.8	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
1990	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
1991	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.2	1.4
1992	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.0	0.7	0.3	0.0	-0.2	-0.3	-0.2	0.0
1993	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
1994	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.7	1.0	1.2
1995	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.7	-0.8	-0.9	-0.9
1996	-0.9	-0.8	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.5
1997	-0.5	-0.4	-0.1	0.2	0.7	1.2	1.5	1.8	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.3
1998	2.2	1.8	1.4	0.9	0.4	-0.2	-0.7	-1.0	-1.2	-1.3	-1.4	-1.5
1999	-1.5	-1.3	-1.0	-0.9	-0.9	-1.0	-1.0	-1.1	-1.1	-1.3	-1.5	-1.7
2000	-1.7	-1.5	-1.2	-0.9	-0.8	-0.7	-0.6	-0.5	-0.6	-0.6	-0.8	-0.8
2001	-0.7	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3
2002	-0.2	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.3
2003	1.1	0.8	0.4	0.0	-0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
2004	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
2005	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.5	-0.8
2006	-0.9	-0.7	-0.5	-0.3	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.8	1.0	1.0
2007	0.7	0.3	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8	-1.1	-1.2	-1.4
2008	-1.5	-1.5	-1.2	-0.9	-0.7	-0.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.5	-0.7
2009	-0.8	-0.7	-0.5	-0.2	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.8	1.1	1.4	1.6
2010	1.6	1.3	1.0	0.6	0.1	-0.4	-0.9	-1.2	-1.4	-1.5	-1.5	-1.5
2011	-1.4	-1.2	-0.9	-0.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8	-1.0	-1.0
2012	-0.9	-0.6	-0.5	-0.3	-0.2	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.2	-0.3
2013	-0.6	-0.6	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.4
2014	-0.6	-0.6	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.5	0.7	0.7
2015	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.3	1.6	1.9	2.3	2.5	2.5
2016	2.3	2.0	1.6	1.0	0.4	-0.1


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